Check your machine can build

# run from: the repo root
./devkit doctor                     # the modern firmware
./devkit doctor --target factory    # the factory firmware: also Vivado, the patch stamp and the board

It checks the compilers, host packages, disk and the sources, in about a second. Every check is a failure that once cost somebody an hour: run it before the build, not during.

You should see every line say ok, as on a machine that can build the modern firmware:

=== preflight ===
  ok     kernel source
  ok     U-Boot source
  ok     get_default_envs.sh
  ok     embeddedsw
  ok     bootgen source
  ok     bare-metal cross (FSBL)
  ok     ARM Linux cross (U-Boot, kernel): arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
  ok     make
  ok     flex (U-Boot, kernel)
  ok     bison (U-Boot, kernel)
  ok     mkimage (uImage)
  ok     bc (kernel)
  ok     unzip
  ARM Linux compiler: arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
=== preflight passed; nothing built (--preflight-only) ===

Missing	What to install
arm-none-eabi-gcc, or one without the hard-float multilib ("uses VFP register arguments")	gcc-arm-none-eabi + libnewlib-arm-none-eabi
an ARM Linux cross-compiler	gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi (or arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc)
gmp.h	libgmp-dev, libmpc-dev, libmpfr-dev
Vivado	only for an FPGA change; with --target factory it is a warning

On Ubuntu 22.04, one line installs the lot:

# run from: anywhere, on your host
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y git build-essential bison flex libssl-dev \
    device-tree-compiler u-boot-tools screen python3 \
    libgmp-dev libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev sshpass iverilog libiio-utils \
    gcc-arm-none-eabi libnewlib-arm-none-eabi gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi

On Arch, or another distribution?

Arch has no ARM Linux cross-compiler in its official repositories: use Arm's prebuilt toolchain (how). For an FPGA build on anything but Ubuntu 18.04 to 22.04, use the container.

Next: build without Vivado.